Phthalates are a group of chemical compounds commonly used as plasticizers to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They are found in a wide range of products, including vinyl flooring, medical devices, toys, and personal care items such as shampoos and lotions.

While phthalates serve functional purposes in manufacturing, their health and environmental impacts have raised significant concern. Studies have shown that phthalates can leach from products into the environment and human body, where they may interfere with endocrine function. This disruption can lead to a range of health issues, including reproductive problems, developmental delays in children, and an increased risk of certain cancers.

Regulatory agencies in various countries have imposed restrictions on the use of certain phthalates in consumer products, especially those intended for children. For example, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has banned specific phthalates in toys and childcare articles. However, phthalates are still prevalent in many products, prompting ongoing research and advocacy for safer alternatives.

Overall, while phthalates play a key role in industrial applications, their potential health risks highlight the need for careful management and consideration of safer substitutes.