Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning “self-devouring”[1] and κύτος kýtos, meaning “hollow”[2]) is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components.[3] It allows the orderly degradation […]
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy regulator that plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic balance. In obesity, AMPK activity is often impaired, hindering […]
FOXO3 belongs to the O subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factorswhich are characterized by a distinct fork head DNA-binding domain. There are three other […]
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like member of FGF family which controls metabolic multiorgan crosstalk enhancing energy expenditure through glucose and lipid metabolism. In […]
Klotho is a transmembrane protein that, in addition to other effects, provides some control over the sensitivity of the organism to insulin and appears to be […]
P53 is a crucial tumor suppressor protein that acts as the body’s guardian of the genome. When DNA damage occurs from environmental stresses like radiation or […]
Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation. It also stabilizes a number of proteins […]